DOCTOR WHO

What does the soundtrack contribute to the sequence?
Gives Sci-Fi edge through digitally created sounds on the theme song.
How does the music create atmosphere? 
The change in pace in the music signifies a change in atmosphere, for example in the cafe there is a calm accordion in the background, but once a character runs in saying she's been murdered the pace of the music increases with more clashing sounds.
What sound effect are evident?
The TARDIS
Accents show the audience the class of the character- people with west country accent are lower class, characters that fully pronounce there words are classed as a more posh character. Actors are typecast for these roles.
Background chatting
Clinking of glasses 
Candles burning
Dogs barking - gives a disrupted feel
Church bell when girl is murdered signifies it is late at night

How does the sound signify the mood and/ or genre of the television drama?

The sound signifies the change of mood in the show by the change in the ambient music, this is done by changing the pace and feel of the music. This is reinforced by sound effects like dogs barking late at night which shows disruption from the peace. The sound signifies the genre by using digitally created sounds that sounds space related.

Editing Styles - NCIS

During this scene several different editing techniques are used. To start with (when the interrogation scene starts) we have a dissolve (possibly counted as a crossfade) transition, which shows us that a new scene has started. As the scene progresses there are quite a few Shot-Reverse Shot which keep the dialogue flowing and keeps it verisimilitude. Some long takes are used to show that the character is slow at answering the question and thus guilty. This is also mixed with short takes for the 2 investigators to show that they are quick to the mark and one step ahead of the suspect.  Action match is also used during the cookie eating phase to show continuity.

Glossary of Editing Terms

How is the Setting or Theme Represented in a Medical Drama?

In general the settings and themes are established in medical dramas by using convincing life like props and costumes that you would expect to see in a hospital.

The setting is represented in the opening scene of ER , in short little clips that show you the surrounding areas of one of the characters. It will normally include iconography of hospitals i.e wards, corridors, reception and operating theatres. Which suggests that the show is taking place in a hospital. The quick editing with short sequences emphasises the idea that it is a fast paced hospital with too much going on for one person, which suggests that the characters all work as part of a team that have to work well together to keep people alive.

 The mise en scene of the opening sequence suggests that hospitals are fast paced, hard working and very busy. The doctors costumes bring across the factual ideas of the show with large white coats and stethoscopes around their necks. Having the stethoscope around their neck at all times suggests that they are always needed to do something and don't have time to put down anything. The surgeons are seen in their green scrubs and nurses pink scrubs - this fortifies the idea that you are in a hospital and makes the show more believable. The sets vary from operating theatres to wards to reception desks. This creates boundaries for the importance of different characters in which the surgeons and doctors are more important than the receptionists and so have more screen time. The make up is very simplistic even on female characters as when working in a hospital it is unusual to be in full make up for health and safety reasons. The props are very iconic for what you would see in a hospital and therefore add realism to the show.

In a typical medical drama themes that are explored include death, murder, suicide, illness, family issues etc. As an audience we expect the show to give us the most ridiculous of situations (i.e swallowing a coat hanger) that we would not expect to see in the real world and yet it is happening and so it is introducing us to real world problems that we don't realise are happening. This touches the audience and so they feel more connected to the characters and so they feel the pain of the doctors when they are unable to help someone.

The music on the opening scene has a sense of the sounds that medical equipment make along with techno sounds that just enhance the feel of being in a hospital.

How is the Setting or Theme of the Television Drama Represented?

Generally in a TV drama opening scene you see the different settings that it is set in and some of the behaviours of the characters seen express the themes of the show. For example the two people running up stairs at the start of Emmerdale. 

The settings represent the key locations of where the show will take place. In Emmerdale you see a small yorkshire village which suggests that it is a close community in which everyone knows each other. The different houses show the different class of people that live there, one house is posh and are probably a younger couple, the other is a small cottage with older chairs probably occupied by an older couple. Another setting seen in the opening scene is the pub which suggests that this pub is popular place for conversations and food and drink in the whole of Emmerdale.

The setting of Emmerdale suggests that Yorkshire is made up of  quiet, small communities that have a variety of different types of people living there. It also suggests that the whole of Yorkshire is made up of small old villages dotted across large grass lands without having any kind of main city.

Typical soap themes include betrayal, affairs, death, murder, broken friendships, family problems, relationship problems. This would be different in Emmerdale as everyone will know each other closely and so having affairs would be much more dangerous. Murders would be easier as hiding the body would be easy out in the Yorkshire Dales. As the community comes across as a close community it's hard to think that people will have falling outs, However if they did then it would be much harder to ignore the fact that they are no longer friends as they would be seeing each  other everyday.

Analysing Title Sequence

My opening title sequence depicts a light hearted show with comedic aspects whilst still keeping it's seriousness about Bristol. This is done by not giving everyone a strong South Western accent. It will be a fictional show which shows what it is like for people who are new to living in Bristol. The theme song Ain't No Rest For The Wicked suggests that a lot of things go wrong for the characters and that they don't have any time to themselves and are always busy. Being a show for entertainment means that the different things that go wrong in the characters lives are things that would not neccesarily happen to the everyday person. 

The audience for my show is young adults that can relate to the lives of the characters, for example they have also moved house or to a new city. This comes across in the title sequence as you can see that the main characters are young adults themselves and also the tone set by the slow camera movement and that the characters are all staring down the camera at the start as if to reach out to the audience and get their attention.

Having long unedited sequences gives the effect of continuity as well as making the program feel slow but this is juxtaposed by the upbeat music that suggests the complete opposite from the camera speed. Having only one sequence suggests that the characters are quite lazy and so the target audience can relate to them as stereotypically young adults are known to be lazy. 

The sequence is about 15 seconds and is clearly divisible from the beginning of the text as the title sequence ends with an ariel shot of the sky and the title Living in Bristol, from here it would cut into the text. Having a relatively short opening sequence means that there is more screen time for the show to get all the storyline across without wasting time. 

The opening sequence links to the text by showing you firstly the four main characters you will be following and secondly setting the general location of where it will take place. The suspension bridge is a form of iconography to show that it will take place in Bristol and also that the show is new and treading on new grounds, as was the suspension bridge when it was built.  

The Cops Episode 1 Part 1

This TV drama uses many camera shots that are done with a steady cam/handheld. This makes the audience feel as if they are actually part of the show engrossing the audience so that they feel the emotional reactions of the characters first hand. It allows the audience to feel the struggle of the cops and also gives the audience the responsibility of keeping them safe as they feel as if they are watching over them.

How useful are the UK record sales charts and do you believe they have a future?

The UK singles chart contains the weekly top-selling 200 singles recordings in the UK, based upon combined sales and downloads. Around 6,500 UK stores contribute to the charts along with download sales. From this angle then, the charts are a useful way of monitoring consumption habits of what the audience listens to and how the music is reaching them. The Top 40 is first issued on BBC Radio 1 between 16:00 and 19:00 on sundays before the full official 100 are posted on Official Charts Company website. Another way people can find out about the Top 40 is a rival radio broadcast called The Big Top 40 Show which is broadcasted on 140 commercial local radio stations. As of 1 July 2012, 1200 singles have topped the charts yet the precise number is debatable due to profusion of competing charts in the 1950's to the 1980's.

The charts can be accessed on many platforms. The most popular being the Radio 1 broadcast but to get the full 100 you would have to go to The official charts company website. another way to access the charts is on iTunes where you can see the highest selling song that week along with the top 200 other songs. Many consumers like to watch the music videos of the Top 40 and so channels like 4Music and MTV allow the consumer to watch the Top 40 and also find out little bits of information about the artist as it's playing.

As a marketing gimmick back in 1952 New Musical Express started a 'top 12' which soon became a sought after aspect of musical journalism. The UK charts are an indispensable element of marketing campaigns from major record labels.

This is most evident in the annual run up to christmas number 1 which has been held by X-Factor for many years. For example because when Alexandra Burke won the X-Factor with her version of 'Hallelujah' had, in 24 hours, 105,000 downloads which made a gross profit £60,000. This is within 24 hours of it being released and before it's even made it to the stores.

Digital sales were only contributed to the charts in october 2007, beforehand digital sales only counted if it had a physical copy out in stores.

Copyright

Copyright is the exclusive right of the author of a literary, scientific or artistic work or his successors in title to communicate that work to the public and to reproduce it, subject to the limitations laid down by the law. 
A copyright last for life plus 70 years for individuals for anything made on or after 1978.
A copyright lasts for 95 years for corporate authors after publication for anything on or after 1978. (It is 120 years after creation if not published.)
Works published before 1978 and after 1923 are protected for 95 years.
Music and Sound Recordings are subject to a copyright term of only 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which the track was recorded.

 

Music Piracy

• DRM (Digital Rights Management) - is a class of technologies that are used by  hardware manufacturers, publishers, copyright holders, and individuals with the intent to control the use of digital content and devices after sale With First-generation DRM software, the intent is to control copying; With Second-generation DRM, the intent is to control viewing, copying, printing and altering of works or devices.
• Creative Commons - is a company that allows you to share your creativity with the rest of the world, it helps develop, support and stewards legal technical infrastructure that maximizes digital creativity, sharing and innovation. Allowing users to use their own copyright licences known as creative commons licences.  
• Agreement between BPI and six major UK internet providers to caution illegal downloads - In 2008 BPI stuck a deal with six major UK internet providers to try and stop people from illegally downloading files. You would receive a warning then 3 strikes and you're out. However not all internet providers agreed, for example TalkTalk decided to opt out because 80% of young users said they would still do it regardless. Furthermore you only have to be accused and not found guilty to get a strike. 
• The Digital Economy Bill - This bill allows the courts to demand that ISP's cut off broadband service from alleged downloaders. This is controversial because you only have to be accused 3 times and not proven guilty in a court for copyright infringement.
•  Prosecution of Pirate Bay in April 2009 -The Pirate Bay is a website that provides torrent files and peer to peer file sharing founded in Sweden in 2003. On 31st May 2006 the police raided The Pirate Bay in 12 premises and confiscated 186 servers which cause the site to go down for 3 days. When it re opened the consumers doubled due to the media coverage. The founders were put on trial and were charged with facilitating illegal downloading of copyrighted material and were found guilty. They were sentenced to a year in Prison and a fine of 30 million SEk (€2.7m). In some countries the ISP's have been ordered to block access to the site. 
• New bundles developed with sky etc to include music downloads in a subscription to include broadband, tv etc - Virgin were the first to create bundles with everything i.e. broadband, TV, Landlines etc. Other providers followed including Sky who wanted to include music downloads or Virgin when they have Music on demand. However record companies say that it benefits the providers rather than the company. Theres a debate on when teens grow up will they pay for a package deal or will they just have broadband and illegally download everything else? Its a controversial matter. 
• Ad-sponsored legal free streaming sites (spotify) - Sites have been set up which enable legal music streaming  and are sponsored by adverts which is free to use. Although sites like spotify have unlimited plays it enables consumers to listen to free music proceeded by an advert. Another site is Spiral Frog which provided free and legal downloads which were supported by advertising until it was taken down due to outstanding loans. 
• Earlier release dates - Record companies used to release new music 6 weeks in advance on radio before a format in which people could buy. Now many songs/ albums are released on the same day in which it is played on the radio (i.e. Beyonce releasing her album with no marketing which was played on the radio and could be downloaded on the same day) this is to limit illegal downloads because its the hope that it stops people wanting the album so bad they don't want to wait for the release date and so illegally download it when they can get it quickly by paying. 

Marketing Strategy in the Music Industry

Although the music industry has millions of hungry customers the record companies are in big trouble. Since the 1980's the record companies have been in trouble but now the crisis is worse than ever. This is because they are marketing their product wrongly. All the major record companies- EMI, Warner, Sony etc- have failed in the transition from vinyl to CD and then from the transition of CD to digital format. In the 1980's during the transition from vinyl to CD the record companies made their first big mistake in pricing the CD too expensive - as they still are now. Setting the price of the CD at £12-£15 was too expensive for their customers to buy and so they were pushed away. If the prices were set lower then they would have sold millions of more albums and in turn increased their total revenue. Also putting these CD's with 12-15 songs of which only 2 or 3 are any good was another mistake. Selling songs as single or in a more compact CD of only 4 or 5 songs and priced lower would have achieved more buyers. The composer and artist of the songs got barely anything from the amount of money the record companies were making, considering each album cost about 30 pence to create and were being sold at more than 30 times that price.
The successful company in all this is Apple iTunes of whom sell singles at a reasonable price and albums at half of what physical copies were being sold for. this has racked up iTunes sells to 25 billion. The biggest mistake for record companies was marketing the music as if it was not an art and that it was just another product. The record companies told the musicians what to make and so they made it - this is why most music nowadays sucks compare to that of Queen who made their music because they wanted to. According to the record companies what they say will sell more than music that is made from passion and is inspirational.

How has the credit crunch sped up the natural development of the music industry?

The credit crunch meant that lots of people were depressed and had little money and so they could not afford the escapism they needed. For the people who were affected by the credit crunch the greatest escapism would be music however new albums were to expensive to buy. So using the internet people were able to download singles instead of buying a whole album which proved very cost effective for the consumer. Furthermore, buying albums via download was much cheaper than a physical copy. Most people would want to listen to fun energetic music so that they can get away from life's problems. An artist that benefitted in the music industry from the credit crunch was The Gorrilaz. The Gorillaz, being a cartoon band, would find it difficult to do live performances and therefore went down the route of digitally distributing music more so than physical copies. People went mad for the singles that they bought out and so there sells rocketed on downloads as people were able to buy the songs singly.  With more and more artists taking advantage of single sells, digital downloads have become very popular with consumers and have quickly pushed physical copies away.

The jilts - Marketing Strategy

To promote The jilts they will need to be available to audiences across as many media outlets as possible.TV-

•  Jonathan Ross Show- Late night show so not many restrictions on what can be said and done. Also they will be able to give a live show to a large audience.

• Later with Jools Holland- On very late and has a big audience and can give live performances with Jools Holland who is very respected in the music industry.

• Graham Norton Show- Late night show which has a large audience can perform live and promote album.

 Radio-

•  Radio 1- Broadcasted nationwide so big audience, especially if broadcasted at peak times. 

Ads-

• Etsy-Etsy is an e-commerce website focused on handmade or vintage items, supplies, as well as unique factory-manufactured items under Etsy's new guidelines.

YouTube-

• Create YouTube page to interact with and  communicate with fans- can advertise new songs and albums and give fans a one to one experience.

Websites-

• twitter- talk to fans and let them know what you are doing so that they feel as if they are part of their life- can also promote music and albums.
• Facebook- Promote music and interact with fans.
• Own Website- Basic design that has an artistic edge, can promote latest music and albums and is easy for the user to navigate to what they want i.e merchandise, twitter pages and YouTube channel etc.

Fashion- 

• Levi clothing range well known and popular amongst the indie audience. 
• Girl can create own dress range.

Touring-

• Small intimate venues which can still hold a large audience.

Collaborations-

• Andrew VanWyngarden- from the indie band MGMT can promote both artists.
• Gringly Man- on tour with now. 

Unique Selling Point-

• If you pre-order an album then you will get a signed copy.
• All in uniformed clothes except from girl who will be highlighted by wearing a contrasting colour.

Synergy and Convergence

Synergy is when two or more companies/organisations come together to create linked products to promote each others products. For example a film like Star Wars has teamed up with many other companies to produce extra merchandise like toys and games.
In the music industry artist and their record labels will co-produce with other companies to increase profits and to increase their advertisement. For example many bands and artists will co-produce with t-shirt companies to create t-shirts with their logo on. The t-shirt company gets a percentage of the profits and the artists get a percentage of the profits along with advertisement and also helps them communicate with their fans.

Convergence is when one device which used to have one sole purpose e.g. xbox playing video games. But now these devices have adopted other functions so that they appeal more to their customers. Devices such as an xbox are now able to surf the internet, watch films, stream movies and also play video games every now and then.

The jilts Record Deal

Band: The jilts

The Deal:

10 year label deal with guaranteed 6 Albums. And 1 tour a year in which advertisement and venues are payed for and you receive 8% of all profits earned.

Royalties:

Starts at 9% for every record sold, in Stores.

7% for every album sold on iTunes.

1.7% for every song sold on iTunes.

Bonus 0.5% for every song, written by themselves, if it turns out 10,000 sales.

Bonus 5% if a song makes it into the Top 50 and 1.5% if the song makes it to Top 250.

Royalties can be reduced if the band does not turn up to work, without good reason.

Payment does not begin until advance has been met.

Advance:

The band will receive a £25,000 advance, however they will not begin receiving royalties until the advance has been met.

Reserve Against Returns:

Unsold stock can be returned for 66.2%. ANY returned stock will require a 0.1% fee from the band to partially reimburse the company for their loss.

P D M E C R

People
Don't
Mind
Eating
Chocolate
Rabbits

Production                       Institution
Distribution                     Institution
Marketing                       Institution
Exchange/Exhibition      Institution
Consumption                  Audience
Reception                       Audience